The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.